How it Works: Centrifugal Compressors

A centrifugal compressor is a type of dynamic compressor, or turbo compressor, with a radial design. Unlike displacement compressors that work at a constant flow, dynamic compressors work at a constant pressure and the performance is affected by external conditions such as changes in inlet temperatures.

How Does a Centrifugal Compressor Work?

Air is drawn into the center of a rotating impeller with radial blades and is pushed toward the center by centrifugal force. This radial movement of air results in a pressure rise and the generation of kinetic energy. Before the air is led into the center of the impeller, the kinetic energy is also converted into pressure by passing through a diffuser and volute.

Each stage takes up a part of the overall pressure rise of the compressor unit. Depending on the pressure required for the application, a number of stages can be arranged in a series to achieve a higher pressure. This type of multi-stage application is often used in the oil and gas and process industries. Alternately, in wastewater treatment plants, low pressure, single-stage applications are used to achieve the desired pressure ratio.

In modern configurations of centrifugal air compressors, ultra-high speed electric motors are used to drive the impellers. This results in a compact compressor without a gearbox and associated oil-lubrication system, thus making it oil-free and appropriate for applications that require 100 percent oil-free air.

Learn more about the technology behind your favorite Atlas Copco machine by downloading a copy of our free air compression manual or contact us – we’d be happy to send you a copy of your own. And, if you’re interested in learning more about our centrifugal compressor offerings, please check out our website.